Reviewed by Denise Chalkley RN, RM, RHV, BSc, AMFTM RCPS (Gl), Clinical & Operations Director for Travel Medicine
What Is Measles?
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted via direct contact with respiratory secretions. The virus can linger in the air and on surfaces for several hours, making it exceptionally easy to contract.
Despite being preventable through vaccination, measles remains a significant global health concern. In 2024, England reported 2,911 laboratory-confirmed cases—the highest annual count since 2012 .
Symptoms of Measles
Symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure and may include:
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High fever (often above 38°C)
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Runny nose and cough
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Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
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Small white spots inside the cheeks (Koplik spots)
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Fatigue and irritability
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Loss of appetite
A few days after initial symptoms, a red-brown blotchy rash typically develops, starting on the face and neck before spreading to the rest of the body. The rash may be itchy and can resemble other childhood illnesses like rubella or roseola.
Potential Complications
While many recover within 7 to 10 days, measles can lead to serious complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Potential complications include:
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Ear infections
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Pneumonia
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Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
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Blindness
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Seizures
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Death
In 2025, the majority of confirmed cases in England were among children aged 10 years and under, with notable outbreaks in regions like Bristol, Leeds, and Hertfordshire .(GOV.UK)
Prevention Through Vaccination
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is the most effective way to prevent measles. Two doses offer approximately 99% protection .(NHS England)
In response to rising cases, the UK has updated its immunisation schedule:
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First MMR dose: Administered at 12 months of age.
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Second MMR dose: Moved from 3 years and 4 months to 18 months, effective from July 1, 2025.
These changes aim to provide earlier protection and curb outbreaks.
Travel Considerations
Measles outbreaks have been reported in several popular holiday destinations, including Romania, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain . Travelers should ensure they are fully vaccinated before visiting these regions.
If you’re planning to travel:
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Verify your MMR vaccination status.
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Consult a travel health clinic at least 6–8 weeks before departure.
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Be aware of local measles outbreaks and health advisories.(NHS England)
What to Do If Exposed
If you suspect exposure to measles or exhibit symptoms:
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Contact your healthcare provider immediately.
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Avoid public places to prevent spreading the virus.
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Inform medical staff before visiting clinics or hospitals to allow for appropriate precautions.
Vaccination within 72 hours of exposure can prevent the onset of measles in unvaccinated individuals .
Book Your MMR Vaccine
Protect yourself and your loved ones from measles. Book your MMR vaccination appointment at one of our clinics today.
Article last reviewed on 15/05/2025 by:
Amanda Schiller RN
Clinical Director for NHS Programmes
Having gained a Bachelor of Nursing degree from the University of South Australia, Amanda worked in acute healthcare, specialising in general medical and emergency care. She has spent the past 14 years specialising in travel health and primary care, gaining extensive experience in childhood and travel immunisations, both within the private sector and the NHS.
